8 research outputs found

    Performance analysis and optimal cooperative cluster size for randomly distributed small cells under cloud RAN

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    One major advantage of cloud/centralized radio access network is the ease of implementation of multi-cell coordination mechanisms to improve the system spectrum efficiency (SE). Theoretically, large number of cooperative cells lead to a higher SE; however, it may also cause significant delay due to extra channel state information feedback and joint processing computational needs at the cloud data center, which is likely to result in performance degradation. In order to investigate the delay impact on the throughput gains, we divide the network into multiple clusters of cooperative small cells and formulate a throughput optimization problem. We model various delay factors and the sum-rate of the network as a function of cluster size, treating it as the main optimization variable. For our analysis, we consider both base stations' as well as users' geometric locations as random variables for both linear and planar network deployments. The output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and ergodic sum-rate are derived based on the homogenous Poisson point processing model. The sum-rate optimization problem in terms of the cluster size is formulated and solved. Simulation results show that the proposed analytical framework can be utilized to accurately evaluate the performance of practical cloud-based small cell networks employing clustered cooperation

    RAN Functional Split Options for Integrated Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial 6G Networks

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    Leveraging non-terrestrial platforms in 6G networks holds immense significance as it opens up opportunities to expand network coverage, enhance connectivity, and support a wide range of innovative applications, including global-scale Internet of Things and ultra-high-definition content delivery. To accomplish the seamless integration between terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks, substantial changes in radio access network (RAN) architecture are required. These changes involve the development of new RAN solutions that can efficiently manage the diverse characteristics of both terrestrial and non-terrestrial components, ensuring smooth handovers, resource allocation, and quality of service across the integrated network ecosystem. Additionally, the establishment of robust interconnection and communication protocols between terrestrial and non-terrestrial elements will be pivotal to utilize the full potential of 6G technology. Additionally, innovative approaches have been introduced to split the functionalities within the RAN into centralized and distributed domains. These novel paradigms are designed to enhance RAN's flexibility while simultaneously lowering the costs associated with infrastructure deployment, all while ensuring that the quality of service for end-users remains unaffected. In this work, we provide an extensive examination of various Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) architectures and the necessary adaptations required on the existing 5G RAN architecture to align with the distinct attributes of NTN. Of particular significance, we emphasize the crucial RAN functional split choices essential for the seamless integration of terrestrial and non-terrestrial components within advanced 6G networks

    High quality end-to-end-link performance

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    Prognose der Entwicklung des Agrartechnikmarktes. Eine Expertenbefragung nach der Delphi-Methode

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    Prognosen über die Entwicklung des Agrartechnikmarktes haben sich in der Vergangenheit als äußerst schwierig erwiesen. So prognostizierte die Agrartechnikindustrie zu Beginn der Neunzigerjahre auf dem westeuropäischen Traktorenmarkt bis zum Jahr 2000 einen Rückgang des Absatzes von 200.000 auf 100.000 Einheiten. Es kam jedoch ganz anders. Tatsächlich wurden im Jahre 2000 180.000 Traktoren verkauft, wobei der Marktverlauf in den einzelnen Ländern aber sehr unterschiedlich war. Die Entwicklung des Agrartechnikmarktes wird durch eine Vielzahl von Faktoren beeinflusst. Sowohl auf der Seite der Hersteller als auch auf der Seite der Landwirtschaft zeigten sich in der jüngsten Vergangenheit gravierende Veränderungen. Wie sich diese Veränderungen und möglicherweise weitere neue Einflüsse auswirken, soll durch eine Expertenbefragung nach der Delphi-Methode untersucht werden. Zweifellos lässt sich die Zukunft nicht eindeutig prognostizieren, jedoch liefert die Delphi-Methode erfahrungsgemäß gute Prognoseergebnisse. Diese Delphi-Befragung soll daher mit dazu beitragen, ein genaueres Bild über den zukünftigen Agrartechnikmarkt zu erstellen. In Kapitel 2 steht die Delphi-Methode im Mittelpunkt der Betrachtung. Es wird aufgezeigt, wie sich die Methode entwickelt hat und ihr Aufbau allgemein beschrieben. Darauf folgt eine Diskussion über die Vor- und Nachteile der Delphi-Methode. Abschließend wird der Aufbau der Delphi-Studie zur Entwicklung des Agrartechnikmarktes vorgestellt. Das 3. Kapitel beschreibt die aktuelle Lage auf dem Agrartechnikmarkt. Dabei stehen Sachverhalte im Mittelpunkt, die im Rahmen der Studie untersucht werden. Die Ergebnisse der Delphi-Studie werden im 4. Kapitel dargestellt. Hier werden die erwarteten Entwicklungen in den Rahmenbedingungen und den Einflussfaktoren, in der Nachfrage, in der Anbieterstruktur sowie im Marketing aufgezeigt. Kapitel 5 fasst die Studie zusammen

    M&A success of German acquisitions in the US-evidence from capital market and survey data

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    This article examines the value creation of 78 German acquisitions in the US during the period 1990 to 2004. The observed Cumulative Abnormal Returns (CARs) confirm the previous finding that cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) activity yields on average wealth gains for shareholders of the acquiring companies. No evidence of a negative cross-border wealth effect could be ascertained, thereby indicating a high international integration of the German capital market. The positive capital market perception of German M&A activities in the US is mainly driven by the acquisition of private targets and equity-settled transactions. The market reactions yield overall congruent results to the responses from surveyed executives of German acquirers. However, bidders' self assessment of US acquisitions is more positive than the capital market valuation, which substantiates manager overconfidence.

    Factor Graph-Based Equalization for Two-Way Relaying With General Multi-Carrier Transmissions

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    Forward-Aware Information Bottleneck-Based Vector Quantization for Noisy Channels

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